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If Alberta separates, the legal framework regarding rights would shift dramatically: No Automatic Guarantees: All citizens would no longer be protected by federal laws like the Charter. Alberta's government would have full authority to create a new legal system and dictate which human rights, democratic freedoms, and judicial processes are recognized. Indigenous Treaty Rights: The Canadian Constitution is heavily based on historical treaties, many of which were established directly with the Crown rather than the province. Legal experts and court rulings note that Indigenous treaties are independent of Alberta's jurisdiction. If existing treaties are violated by separation, vast amounts of land could be legally reclaimed by First Nations, creating a massive legal and constitutional crisis. No Unilateral Secession: The Supreme Court of Canada (following the Quebec Referendum) established that a province cannot simply vote to leave. An affirmative vote merely triggers a legal "duty to negotiate" among the federal government, the province, and Indigenous stakeholders. Amending the Canadian Constitution to allow a province to secede requires the unanimous agreement of all provinces and the federal Parliament.